{"id":250374559,"date":"2012-12-07T20:29:19","date_gmt":"2012-12-07T20:29:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.baltimorespokes.org\/?p=250374559"},"modified":"2012-12-07T20:29:19","modified_gmt":"2012-12-07T20:29:19","slug":"mode-switching-studies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.baltimorespokes.org\/?p=250374559","title":{"rendered":"Mode switching studies"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
1.       <\/span><\/span><\/span>Capital Bikeshare: https:\/\/capitalbikeshare.com\/assets\/pdf\/Capital%20Bikeshare-SurveyReport-Final.pdf<\/a> <\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u201cBikeshare members substantially reduced their use of <\/span><\/b>car <\/span><\/b>\u2013 Four in ten (41%) survey respondents drove a car less often; no respondents increased use of car. More than nine in ten respondents who reduced driving indicated that Capital Bikeshare had been a factor contributing to the reduction.\u201d<\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
Press release version: https:\/\/www.capitalbikeshare.com\/news\/2012\/06\/18\/new-survey-finds-capital-bikeshare-members-drive-less-and-save-big<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
2.       <\/span><\/span><\/span>Modeshift is often part of the criteria for Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ) projects. <\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
A.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>FHWA reviewed and published the results of four bicycling and walking projects.
\nhttps:\/\/www.fhwa.dot.gov\/environment\/air_quality\/cmaq\/research\/safetea-lu_phase_1\/appendix_c\/bicycle_pedestrian.cfm<\/a> <\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
I find their assumptions (and resulting emission-reduction findings) to be conservative. For example, in the first example, they only count VMT change for the part of the trip that takes place on the facility and they assume that the bike rider uses just half of the 8.3 mile facility. The actual total bike trip converts more miles than get counted in their formula (you have to bike to the trail, right?) and they don\u2019t take into account the new bike commuters attracted to a more complete network (network effects). But I suppose it
\nbeing conservative lends credibility among more skeptical audiences. <\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
B.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>The California Air Resources Board (CARB<\/a>) methodology for calculating cost effectiveness of air quality projects, which usually includes a mode shift
\ncomponent, seems to be respected (it\u2019s old and doesn\u2019t calculate PM2.5 emissions): https:\/\/www.arb.ca.gov\/planning\/tsaq\/eval\/mv_fees_cost-effectiveness_methods_may05.doc<\/a> (starting on page 29).<\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
3.       <\/span><\/span><\/span>A few studies:<\/span><\/div>\n
a.       <\/span><\/span><\/span>Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars: systematic review: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC520994\/<\/a> <\/span><\/div>\n
b.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>The relative
\ninfluence of urban form on a child\u2019s travel mode to school: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0965856406000620<\/a> <\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
Best,<\/span><\/div>\n
 <\/span><\/div>\n
Darren Flusche<\/span><\/div>\n
Policy Director<\/span><\/div>\n
League of American Bicyclists<\/span><\/div>\n

On the Alliance for Biking & Walking: People Discussion Group
\n<\/p>\n

\n

Update: And some more info posted to the list serve:<\/p>\n

We went through some calculations of that sort for this project:<\/p>\n

 
\nhttps:\/\/www.marc.org\/Recovery\/assets\/tiger\/APPENDIX_D_Bicycle_Pedestrian.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

I don’t know if the studies we were able to find used exactly the type of
\nmethodology you are looking for but we came up with some ways of
\ncalculating those figures and the associated cost-benefit ratios that I
\nwas pretty happy with at the time.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately it has been so long since working on that I can’t remember
\nthe exact details.  Anyone else working through the figures and the
\nreferences given in the link above could probably figure out the sources
\nabout as quickly as I could at this point!<\/p>\n

But some of the most useful research\/studies we used in putting together
\nthose estimates are listed below:<\/p>\n

 * Advocacy Advance Team’s summary of research with references:
\n  
\nhttps:\/\/www.bikeleague.org\/resources\/reports\/report_economics.php<\/a><\/p>\n

 * Probably the most comprehensive\/exhaustive single resource on the
\nissue of calculating the cost\/benefits of investments in bicycle
\nfacilities.  If there is a study that does exactly what you are
\nasking for it is probably listed here:
\n  
\nhttps:\/\/onlinepubs.trb.org\/Onlinepubs\/nchrp\/nchrp_rpt_552.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

 * Quantifying the benefits of nonmotorized transportation:
\n  
\n
\nhttps:\/\/www.vtpi.org\/nmt-tdm.pdf<\/p>\n

<\/a> * Others:
\n   
\nhttps:\/\/nexus.umn.edu\/Papers\/TrailsLanesOrTraffic.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Update #2:
\nCheck out the very impressive mode shift numbers achieved in Bellingham, WA, through an outreach program that targeted people based on their expressed interest and provided individualized information on how to bike, walk, or take transit: https:\/\/www.whatcomsmarttrips.org\/news\/mobility_report<\/a>oldId.20121207202919400<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  1.       Capital Bikeshare: https:\/\/capitalbikeshare.com\/assets\/pdf\/Capital%20Bikeshare-SurveyReport-Final.pdf   \u201cBikeshare members substantially reduced their use of car \u2013 Four in ten (41%) survey respondents drove a car less often; no respondents increased use of car. More than nine in ten respondents who reduced driving indicated that Capital Bikeshare had been a factor contributing to the reduction.\u201d   Press … <\/p>\n

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